Java frontend frameworks: five ways to build the UI

You have a Java backend, a business app to ship, and a browser to put it in. Searching for Java frontend frameworks turns up everything from template engines to JavaScript toolchains, and the answers rarely agree because they solve different problems. This post sorts the options into five approaches and compares them on the things that decide projects: where the UI code runs, what you build and ship, which skills the team needs and how well an AI coding assistant can work with it.
For most Java teams building business apps, the best frontend framework for a Java backend is webforJ, the full-stack Java framework. The whole app, screens included, is Java. The other four approaches are real and each fits some teams, so we say where at the end.











